CBSE CLASS 10 HISTORY NOTES
Class 10
History - Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Social Science
Class 10 Social Science MCQs Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
1. Choose the correct nationality of the artist Frederic Sorrieu who visualised in his painting a society made up of Democratic and Social Republic.
(a) German
(b) Swiss
(c) French
(d) American
Answer
Answer: b
2. ‘Nationalism’, which emerged as a force in the late 19th century, means
(a) strong devotion for one’s own country and its history and culture.
(b) strong devotion for one’s own country without appreciation for other nations.
(c) strong love for one’s own country and hatred for others.
(d) equally strong devotion for all the countries of the world.
Answer
Answer: a
3. Match the term with the statements given below:
A ‘Utopian Society’ is
(i) a society under a benevolent monarchy
(ii) a society that is unlikely to ever exist
(iii) a society under the control of a chosen few wise men
(iv) a society under Parliamentary Democracy
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) only
(d) (iii) only
Answer
Answer: b
4. Pick out the correct definition to define the term ‘Plebiscite’.
(a) Plebiscite is a direct vote by which only the female members of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.
(b) Plebiscite is a direct vote by the female members of a matriarchal system to accept or reject a proposal.
(c) Plebiscite is a direct vote by only a chosen few from the total population of a parti-cular region to accept or reject a proposal.
(d) Plebiscite is a direct vote by which all the citizens of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.
Answer
Answer: d
5. Ernst Renan believed that the existence of nations is a necessity because
(a) it ensures protection to all inhabitants.
(b) it ensures liberty to all inhabitant citizens.
(c) it ensures Parliamentary form of govern-ment to its inhabitants.
(d) it ensures jobs and good health to all its inhabitants.
Answer
Answer: b
6. Which of the following countries did not attend the Congress of Vienna?
(a) Britain
(b) Russia
(c) Prussia
(d) Switzerland
Answer
Answer: d
7. The first great revolution which gave the clear idea of nationalism with its core words: ‘Liberty, Equality and Fraternity’ was:
(a) The Russian Revolution
(b) The French Revolution
(c) The American Revolution
(d) India’s First War of Independence
Answer
Answer: b
8. Which of the following statements about the ‘French Revolution’ are correct?
(i) After the end of the French Revolution it was proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny.
(ii) France will have a constitutional monarchy and the new republic will be headed by a member of the royal family.
(iii) A centralised administrative system will be put in place to formulate uniform laws for all citizens.
(iv) Imposition of internal custom duties and dues will continue to exist in France.
(a) (ii) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer
Answer: c
9. The French revolutionaries declared that the mission and destiny of the French nation was
(a) to conquer the people of Europe.
(b) to liberate the people of Europe from despotism.
(c) to strengthen absolute monarchies in all the countries of Europe.
(d) to propagate the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in every part of the world.
Answer
Answer: b
10. The Civil Code of 1804 in France is usually known as:
(a) The French Revolutionary Code
(b) Napoleonic Code
(c) European Imperial Code
(d) The French Civil Code
Answer
Answer: b
11. The Napoleonic Code was exported to which of the following regions?
(a) England
(b) Spain
(c) Regions under French control
(d) Poland
Answer
Answer: c
12. The liberal nationalism stands for:
(a) freedom for the individual and equality before law.
(b) preservation of autocracy and clerical privileges.
(c) freedom for only male members of society and equality before law.
(d) freedom only for senior citizens.
Answer
Answer: a
13. Who among the following formed the secret society called ‘Young Italy’? [Delhi 2012]
(a) Otto von Bismarck
(b) Giuseppe Mazzini
(c) Mettemich
(d) Johann Gottfried Herder
Answer
Answer: b
14. The term ‘Universal Suffrage’ means:
(a) the right to vote and get elected, granted only to men.
(b) the right to vote for all adults.
(c) the right to vote and get elected, granted exclusively to property owning men.
(d) the right to vote and get elected, granted only to educated men and women.
Answer
Answer: b
15. Which of the following is not a feature or belief of ‘Conservatism’?
(a) Conservatives believe in established, traditional institutions of state and policy.
(b) Conservatives stressed the importance of tradition and preferred gradual develop¬ment to quick change.
(c) Conservatives proposed to return to the society of pre-revolutionary days and were against the ideas of modernisation to strengthen monarchy.
(d) Conservatives believed in the monarchy, church, and other social hierarchies.
Answer
Answer: c
16. The Treaty of recognized Greece
as an independent nation:
(a) Vienna 1815
(b) Constantinople 1832
(c) Warsaw 1814
(d) Leipzig 1813
Answer
Answer: b
17. Who said ‘When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold’?
(a) Garibaldi
(b) Bismarck
(c) Mazzini
(d) Duke Metternich
Answer
Answer: d
18. What happened to Poland at the end of 18th century. Which of the following answers is correct?
(a) Poland achieved independence at the end of the 18th century.
(b) Poland came totally under the control of Russia and became part of Russia.
(c) Poland became the part of East Germany.
(d) Poland was partitioned at the end of the 18th century by three Great Powers: Russia, Prussia and Austria.
Answer
Answer: d
19. Who played the leading role in the unification of Germany?
(a) German Emperor (formerly King of Prussia) — Kaiser William I.
(b) Otto Von Bismarck (Prussian Chief Minister).
(c) Johann Gottfried Herder — German philosopher.
(d) Austrian Chancellor — Duke Metternich.
Answer
Answer: b
20. Three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark, Germany and France, ended in
(a) Danish victory
(b) Prussian victory
(c) French victory
(d) German victory
Answer
Answer: b
21. Who was proclaimed the emperor of Germany in 1871?
(a) Otto Von Bismarck
(b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Count Cavour
(d) Kaiser William I of Prussia
Answer
Answer: d
22. Who became the King of United Italy in 1861?
(a) Giuseppe Garibaldi
(b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Count Cavour
(d) Giuseppe Mazzini
Answer
Answer: b
23. What helped in the formation of a nation-state in Britain?
(a) The formation of a nation-state in Britain was the result of a sudden upheaval.
(b) In 1688, the monarchy in Britain had seized the power from English Parliament.
(c) The parliament through a bloodless revolution seized power from the monarchy which gradually led to the emergence of a nation-state.
(d) The British nation was formed as a result of a war with Scotland and Wales.
Answer
Answer: c
24. Who was responsible for the unification of Germany?
(a) Count Cavour
(b) Bismarck
(c) Garibaldi
(d) Giuseppe Mazzini
Answer
Answer: b
25. The allegory of the German nation who wears a crown of oak leaves was a:
(a) Marianne
(b) Union Jack
(c) Britannia
(d) Germania
Answer
Answer: d
26. A large part of Balkan region was under the control of:
(a) Russian empire
(b) Ottoman empire
(c) German empire
(d) Habsburg rulers
Answer
Answer: b
EXTRA MCQ
Q1. When did the French Revolution start?
A. 1789
B. 1879
C. 1780
D. 1769
Q2.What was the political situation in France at the time?
A. Democracy
B. Republic
C. Sovereign State
D. Absolute Monarchy
Q3.What emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution?
A. la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen)
B. French people in common
C. French Flag
D.idea of one nation state
Q4. How many colours did the new French flag have?
A. two
B. tricolour
C. 4 colours
D. single colour
Q5. By whom was the Estates General elected?
A. men and women
B.active citizens
C.women
D.senior citizens
Q6. What was the new name of the Estates General?
A. Federal Assembly
B. States Assembly
C.National Assembly
D.Peoples Assembly
Q7. What actions were taken in the name of the nation?
A. army was formed
B. social work was done
C.hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, custom duties were abolished
D. regular meetings were held
Q8. What type of an administrative system was set up?
A. Federal administrative system
B.Centralised administrative system
C.Regional administrative system
D.Decentralised administrative system
Q9. Regional dialects were discouraged and………….., became the common language of the nation.
A. English
B. Polish language
C. French
D. Italian
Q.10. What mission did the revolutionaries declare as the destiny to the French people?
A. to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism – to help other peoples of Europe to become nations.
B. to make a one nation state
C. to become a democracy
D. to become sovereign
Q11. What happened when the news of the events in France reached the different cities of Europe?
A. There was tumult
B. the people did not know how to react
C. students and other members of educated middle classes began setting up Jacobin clubs
D. there was confusion and dissatisfaction in the air
Q12. What was the purpose of the Jacobin clubs?
A. to demoralise the people
B.to speak against France
C.to hold activities and campaigns
D. to socialise among different races
Also See: Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 “Resources and Development” MCQs
Q 13.What was the result of the activities and campaigns held at the Jacobin clubs?
A. prepared the way for the French armies to move to different countries
B. they brought about unrest in the society
C. they brought about crime and destruction
D. there was immediate peace
Q14. Which countries did the French armies move into?
A. Holland, Belgium, Switzerland and much of Italy
B. Holland and Italy
C. Holland and Belgium
D.Switzerland and Italy
Q15. What idea did the French armies carry abroad through the revolutionary wars?
A.Despotism
B.Nationalism
C. War Strategies
D.Violence and bloodshed
Q16. What did Napoleon do in the territory that was under his control?
A. set about introducing many reforms
B. set about war strategies
C. worked for peace
D. worked towards democratic ideas
Q17. What type of rule was carried out in France during Napoleon’s time?
A. Federal rule
B. Democracy
C.Monarchy
D. Republic
Q18. Napoleon had, no doubt, destroyed ……………in France.
A. Monarchy
B.Democracy
C. Federal rule
D.Sovereignty
Q19. What did Napoleon do to make the system efficient and rational in France?
A. in the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles
B. brought about different reforms
C. worked on military
D. worked on the financial conditions
Q20. What was the Civil Code of 1804 also known as?
A. the Administrative Code
B. Code of Justice
C. the Napoleonic Code
D. the National Code
Q21. What did the Civil Code of 1804 bring about?
A. Right by birth to all facilities of state
B.did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property.
C.no right to property
D. No right to equality
Q22. Which regions was the Civil Code exported to?
A.Switzerland and Italy
B. Italy and Germany
C.Switzerland and Germany
D Dutch Republic, in Switzerland, in Italy and Germany
Q23. What did Napoleon do in the rural areas of these regions?
A. simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial due
B. made administration strict
C. encouraged the feudal system
D.put taxes on the peasants
Q24. What changes did Napoleon bring about in the towns?
A. guild restrictions were removed. Transport and communication systems were improved. Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed a new-found freedom.
B. Transport and communication systems were improved.
C.Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen had to pay tax
D. guild restrictions remained as they were
Q25. In mid-eighteenth-century Europe what was the status of Germany, Italy and Switzerland?
A. they were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories
B. they were sovereign states
C. they were democracies
D they were republics
Q 26. When did Napoleon invade Italy?
A. 1777
B.1797
C. 1787
D 1767
Q27. Which territories were included under the Habsburg Empire?
A. Alpine regions – the Tyrol, Austria Hungry and the Sudetenland , Bohemia, Lombardy and Venetia
B. Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland
C. Bohemia, Lombardy and Venetia
D. Sudetenland , Bohemia, Lombardy
Q28. When did Industrialisation take place in France and parts of the German states?
A. 18th century
B later 18th century
C. nineteenth century
D. mid 18th century
Q29. What is Liberalism?
A. ‘liberalism’ derives from the Latin root liber, meaning free- freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.
B. end of autocracy
C. equal rules for all
D. liberty to the upper classes
Q30. What is Suffrage?
A. Right to property
B. Right to Justice
C. Right to vote
D. Right to complain
Q31. In revolutionary France, the right to vote and to get elected was granted exclusively to ………………….
A. property-owning men
B. all
C. Men and women
D. upper class
Q 32. A merchant travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to Nuremberg to sell his goods would have had to pass through ……………….
A. 11 customs barriers
B. no custom barriers
C. 6 custom barriers
D. 3 custom barriers
Q 33. When was the customs union or zollverein formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German states?
A. 1836
B. 1834
C. 1837
D 1835
Q. 34. What did the customs union or zollverein do?
A. abolished tax
B. abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two
C. abolished tariff charges and reduced the currencies to 5
D.only abolished tariff barriers
Q 35. When was Napoleon defeated?
A. 1815
B. 1820
C. 1817
D. 1821
Q36. What was conservatism?
A. strict rules on the society
B.social norms became conservative
C. monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved
D. different norms for different classes
Q37. When did the Treaty of Vienna take place and who were the participants?
A. 1816, Britain, Russia, Prussia
B. 1815, Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria
C. 1820, Britain and Russia
D 1817, Russia, Prussia, Austria
Q38. Who was Giuseppe Mazzini, what did he do?
A. French revolutionary, formed groups
B. British statesman, gave a speech
C. Russian politician, wrote a book
D. Italian Revolutionary, founded two underground societies – Young Italy in Marseilles and Young Europe in Berne and opposed monarchy
Q39. Who said “ When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold. ’
A. Napoleon
B. Giuseppe Mazzini
C. Metternich
D. Louis Philippe
Q40. What happened at the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832?
A. revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off
B. struggle for independence amongst the Greeks began
C. Greece was recognised as an independent nation
D. European civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its struggle against a Muslim empire
Q41. In which year did Louis Philippe flee and the National Assembly was proclaimed a Republic?
A. 1846
B. 1848
C 1845
D 1847
Q42. When Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification who was the chief architect of the movement?
A. Otto von Bismarck
B. Kaiser William I
C. Giuseppe Mazzini
D. Metternich
Q43. How many wars over seven years – with Austria, Denmark and France – ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification?
A. four
B. three
C. six
D two
Q 44.In January 1871 who was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles?
A. William II
B Otto von Bismarck
C Kaiser William I
D. Metternich
Q45. Who had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic in the 1830s ?
A. Metternich
B.Otto von Bismarck
C. Giuseppe Mazzini
D. Napoleon
Q46. In 1861 ……………. was proclaimed king of united Italy.
A. Victor Emmanuel II
B. Kaiser William I
C. Napoleon
D. Giuseppe Mazzini
Q47………………..is perhaps the most celebrated of Italian freedom fighters, (1807-82)
A. Giuseppe Mazzini
B. Metternich
C. Otto von Bismarck
D. Giuseppe Garibaldi
Q.48. Which area was the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871?
A. Southern Europe
B. mid Europe
C.Balkan States
D.Eastern States
Q49. Each power – Russia, Germany, England, Austro-Hungary – was keen on countering the hold of other powers over the Balkans, this became one of the major reasons for …………
A. First World War
B. Second World War
C. Fall of the Ottomon Empire
D. Integration of the Balkan States
Q50. When was Ireland forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom ?
A. 1798
B. 1801
C. 1800
D. 1799
Write in Brief
1. Write a Note on:
a) Giuseppe Mazzini: Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary, born in Genoa in 1807. He was a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. At the age of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria. He founded underground societies named Young Italy in Marseilles and "Young Europe' in Berne, whose members were like minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German States.
b) Count Camilo de Cavour: Cavour was chief misnister of Sardinia-Piedmont state who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy. He was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat. Like many other wealthy and educated members of the Italian elite, he spoke French much better than he did Italian. He engineered a careful diplomatic alliance with France, which helped Sardinia-Piedmont defeat the Austrian forces in 1859, and thereby free the northern part of Italy from the Austrian Habsburgs.
c) The Greek War of Independence: This was a successful war of independence waged by Greek revolutionaries between 1821 and 1829 against the Ottoman Empire. The Greeks were supported by the West European countries, while poets and artists hailed Greece as the cradle of European civilisation. Finally, the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece as an independent nation.
d) The Frankfurt Parliament: It was an all-German National Assembly formed by the middle class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans belonging to the different German regions. It was convened on 18 May, 1848 in the Church of St. Paul, in the city of Frankfurt. This assembly drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. However, it faced opposition from the aristocracy and military. Also, as it was dominated by the middle classes, it lost its mass support base. In the end, it was forced to disband on 31 May, 1849.
e) The role of women in nationalist struggles: The issue of extending political rights to women was a controversial one within the liberal movement, in which large numbers of women had participated actively over the years. Women had formed their own political associations, founded newspapers and taken part in political meetings and demonstrations. Despite this, they were denied suffrage during the election of the Assembly. When the Frankfurt Parliament convened in the Church of St. Paul, women were admitted only as observers to stand in the visitors' gallery.
2. What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
Answer
The French revolutionaries took many important steps to create a sense of collective identity among the French people which were:
Chapter 3
Nationalism in India
MCQs
1. Who was the writer of the book ‘Hind Swaraj’?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) B.R. Ambedkar
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Jawahar Lai Nehru
Answer
Answer: c
2. Khilafat Committee was formed in 1919 in the city of
(a) Bombay
(b) Calcutta
(c) Lucknow
(d) Amritsar
Answer
Answer: a
3. The Non-cooperation Khilafat Movement began in
(a) January 1921
(b) February 1922
(c) December 1929
(d) April 1919
Answer
Answer: a
4. Which of the following was the reason for calling off the Non-cooperation Movement by Gandhiji?
(a) Pressure from the British Government
(b) Second Round Table Conference
(c) Gandhiji’s arrest
(d) Chauri-Chaura incident
Answer
Answer: d
5. Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi, was the leader of which of the following movements?
(a) Khilafat Movement
(b) Militant Guerrilla Movement of Andhra Pradesh
(c) Peasants’ Movement of Awadh
(d) Plantation Workers’ Movement in Assam
Answer
Answer: c
6. Who set up the ‘Oudh Kisan Sabha’?
(a) Alluri Sitaram Raju
(b) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Baba Ramchandra
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru and Shaukat Ali
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer
Answer: b
7. Under the presidency of Jawahahar Lai Nehru, the Lahore Congress Session of 1929 formalised the demand of
(a) abolition of Salt Tax
(b) ‘Puma Swaraj’ or complete independence
(c) boycott of Simon Commission
(d) separate electorate for the ‘dalits’
Answer
Answer: b
8. The ‘Simon Commission’ was boycotted because
(a) there was no British Member in the Commission.
(b) it demanded separate electorates for Hindus and Muslims.
(c) there was no Indian Member in the Commission.
(d) it favoured the Muslims over the Hindus.
Answer
Answer: c
9. A form of demonstration used in the Non-cooperation Movement in which people block the entrance to a shop, factory or office is
(a) Boycott
(b) Begar
(c) Picketing
(d) Bandh
Answer
Answer: c
10. Who formed the ‘Swaraj Party’ within the Congress?
(a) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Motilal Nehru
(b) Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose
(d) C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru
Answer
Answer: d
11. Who founded the ‘Depressed Classes Association’ in 1930?
(a) Alluri Sitaram Raju
(b) C.R. Das
(c) M.R. Jayakar
(d) Dr B.R. Ambedkar
Answer
Answer: d
12. Which party did not boycott the Council elections held in the year 1921?
(a) Swaraj Party
(b) Justice Party
(c) Muslim League
(d) Congress Party
Answer
Answer: b
13. What do you mean by the term ‘Begar’l
(a) An Act to prevent plantation workers to leave the tea gardens without permission.
(b) The forced recruitment of soldiers in rural areas during World War I.
(c) Labour that villagers were forced to contribute without any payment.
(d) Refusal to deal and associate with people, or participate in activities as a form of protest.
Answer
Answer: c
14. Where did Mahatma Gandhi start his famous ‘Salt March’ on 12th March 1930?
(a) Dandi
(b) Chauri-Chaura
(c) Sabarmati
(d) Surat
Answer
Answer: c
15. Which industrialist attacked colonial control over Indian economy and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(a) Dinshaw Petit
(b) Purshottamdas Thakurdas
(c) Dwarkanath Tagore
(d) Seth Hukumchand
Answer
Answer: b
16. Who visualised and depicted the image of ‘Bharat Mata’ through a painting?
(a) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(b) Rabindranath Tagore
(c) Natesa Sastri
(d) Abanindranath Tagore
Answer
Answer: d
17. Which of the following was Mahatma Gandhi’s novel method of fighting against the British?
(a) He used violent method of stone pelting.
(b) He used arson to bum down government offices.
(c) He fought with the principle of ‘an eye for i an eye’.
(d) He practised open defiance of law, ; peaceful demonstration, satyagraha and non-violence.
Answer
Answer: d
18. What does satyagraha mean? Choose one from j the following options.
(a) ‘Satyagraha’ means use of physical force to inflict pain while fighting.
(b) ‘Satyagraha’ does not inflict pain, it is a : non-violent method of fighting against oppression.
(c) ‘Satyagraha’ means passive resistance and is a weapon of the weak.
(d) ‘Satyagraha’ was a racist method of mass agitation.
Answer
Answer: b
19. What was the purpose of imposing the j Rowlatt Act?
(a) The Rowlatt Act forbade the Indians to : qualify for administrative services.
(b) The Rowlatt Act had denied Indians the right to political participation.
(c) The Rowlatt Act imposed additional taxes on Indians who were already groaning under the burden of taxes.
(d) The Rowlatt Act authorised the government to imprison any person i without trial and conviction in a court of j law
Answer
Answer: d
20. Where did the brutal ‘Jallianwala Massacre’ j take place?
(a) Amritsar
(b) Meerut
(c) Lahore
(d) Lucknow
Answer
Answer: a
21. Why did General Dyer order to open fire on a i peaceful demonstration at Jallianwala Bagh? Choose from the given options.
(a) He wanted to show his power.
(b) Firing was ordered because it was an unruly crowd.
(c) Because his object, as he declared later, was to ‘produce a moral effect’ to create fear in the minds of ‘satyagrahis’.
(d) He ordered to fire because he noticed a j sudden unrest in the crowd.
Answer
Answer: c
Long Answer Questions (LA) 5 Marks
Question 1.
Explain any five major problems posed by the First World War in India. (2015 OD)
Answer:
The outbreak of the First World War had created a new economic and political situation in India:
1-The increased defence expenditure was financed by war loans and by raising tax rates, custom duties, etc. There was tremendous price rise during the war years. Between 1913 and 1918, the prices had almost doubled. People, particularly common people, were facing extreme hardships.
2-Forced recruitment in the army caused widespread anger in the villages.
3-The failure of crops in many parts of India had created food shortages, leading to the added misery of the people.
4-In addition to this, there was the outbreak of the great influenza epidemic. Millions of people perished due to influenza and starvation.
5-The nationalist movement grew stronger during the war years. A large number of Muslims were drawn into the anti-British struggle during the war. The defence of the ‘Caliphate’ (Khilafat) became an important question for Muslims. Peasant movements during war period also had helped the nationalist movement to grow stronger.
Question 2.
Explain five points about Gandhiji’s idea of ‘satyagraha’. (2011 OD)
Answer:
Five points about Gandhiji’s idea of ‘satyagraha’:
1-According to Gandhiji, satyagraha is not physical force. In the use of satyagraha there should not be any scope of ill-will.
2-Satyagraha is about soul-force and truth is the very substance of soul and the soul is informed with knowledge.
3-According to Gandhiji, satyagraha is not the weapon of the weak, instead it can only be used by the strongest of the strong as it totally depends upon mental strength but not on physical strength.
4-Gandhiji said “Satyagraha is passive resistance, which is about intense activity but in a non-violent manner.” India cannot rival Britain in force of arms as the British worship the war-god and all of them are bearers of arms. Indians can’t compete with them in arms but can only defeat them using the weapon of “ahimsa” alone/ “that is by using mental strength Indians can defeat the British. Tolerance and non¬violence can only become the pillar of strength for the Indians."
5-Non-violence is the supreme dharma which could unite all Indians. Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi can win the battle.
All the Important Dates of History Chapter Nationalism in India
Dates Happenings
January 1915 -Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa
1919 -Gandhiji launched satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act
13 April 1919- Jallianwala Bagh incident
March 1919 -Khilafat Committee formed
January 1921-Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement began
October 1920-Oudh Kisan Sabha
1922-Chauri Chaura violence
11 February 1922-Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement
1928--“Go Back Simon” movement
Nov 1930 – Jan 1931-First Round Table Conference
Sept-Dec 1931-Second Round Table Conference
Nov – Dec 1932 -Third Round Table Conference
December 1929 -The “Purna Swaraj” was formalized
26 January 1930 -Declared to be celebrated as the Independence Day.
12 March 1930-Salt March or Dandi March or Dandi Satyagraha or Civil Disobedience Movement started
6 April 1930 -Salt March ended
5 March 1931- Gandhi-Irwin Pact
23 March 1931- Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were sentenced to death
26 September 1932- Poona Pact
Jan 1932 -Civil Disobedience Movement started again
1927 Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI)
1906-Muslim League established
1935 The government of India Act
8 August 1942 - Quit India movement launched
August 1925- Kakori Train Conspiracy Case
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