CBSE Class 10 Geography notes

 CBSE Class 10 

Geography notes 

Class 10 Social Science Geography 

Chapter 1

 Resource and Development

Page 12

 Q1:

Multiple choice questions:

(i) Which one of the following types of resources is iron ore?

a. Renewable

b. Biotic.

c. Flow

d. Non-renewable

(ii) Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put?

a. Replenishable

b. Abiotic

c. Human-made.

d. Non-recyclable

(iii)Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in

Punjab?

a. Intense cultivation

b. Deforestation

c. Over irrigation

d. Overgrazing

(iv) In which one of the following states is the terrace cultivation practiced?

a. Punjab

b. Haryana

c. Plains of Uttar Pradesh

d. Uttaranchal

(v) In which one of the following states is the black soil found?

a. J & K

b. Gujarat

c. Rajasthan

d. Jharkhand

Answers:

(i) (d) Non-renewable

(ii) (a) Replenishable

(iii) (c) Over irrigation

(iv) (d) Uttarakhand

(v) (b) Gujarat

Page 13:

Q.2: Answer the following questions in about 30 words:

(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the Eastern Coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

(iv) What are biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.

Answer:

(i) The Black soils are black in colour.

These are also known as regur soils.

This soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over northwest Deccan Plateau. They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh and extend in a south-east direction along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys.

Black soil is ideal for growing cotton.

(ii) Alluvial soil is found in the eastern coastal plan is particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.

Three main features of this type of soil are as follows :

The alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt, and clay.These soils are very fertile. Due to its high fertility, regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.These soils contain an adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid, and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat, and other cereal and pulse crops.

(iii) The soil erosion in the hilly areas can be controlled by taking steps as mentioned below :

Contour ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This is called contour ploughing.Terrace cultivation: Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces. Terrace cultivation restricts erosion.Strip cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind. This is strip cropping.

(iv) Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora, and fauna, fisheries, livestock, e.g., forests and animals are biotic resources.

Abiotic resources consist of all those things which are composed of non-living things. e.g., rocks and metals. Land, water, and soil are also abiotic resources.

Q3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61?

(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

Answer:

(i) Land resources in India are primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land, pasture and grazing land, and wasteland. Wasteland includes rocky, arid and desert areas and land used for non-agricultural purposes like housing, roads, industry, etc.

According to recent data available, the percentage of net sown area (NSA) in India is about 54% of the total reporting area (if, the other than current fallow lands is included). . 22.5% is covered by forests, and 3.45% is used for grazing. The rest is a wasteland, with traces of miscellaneous cultivation.

Improper use of forest land has led to land degradation and made conservation of forests difficult. Human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, mining, quarrying, etc have contributed to the slow growth rate of forests. Thus, land under forest has increased by only about 4% since 1960-61.

(ii) The following factors have been responsible for technical and economic development leading to overconsumption of resources.

In colonial times, imperial powers used their technological and economic superiority to establish control over other countries and thereby gain access to the latter’s resources. One country’s resources were accessible to the citizens of its colonial ruler too, leading to increased consumption. Technical progress also results in inefficient machinery, increased production, and greater consumption of resources.

Technological development and economic progress have led to populations increasing due to low mortality at all ages. With new developments in medicine and health care, fewer people die due to accidents, diseases, childbirth, etc. This too has contributed to higher consumption of resources.

 Chapter 1 “Resources and Development” Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Q1. What is a resource?

A. Extracts from nature
B. Man Made products
C. Extracts from environment- technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable
D. Any thing from which a product can be manufactured

 

Q2. The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an interactive relationship between ………………………………………… ?

A. Nature and technology
B. nature, technology and institutions
C. Environment and nature
D. Environment and technology

 

Q3. How do human beings interact with nature?

A. Through technology
B. Through nurturing environmental resources
C. Through industry
D. Through experimental advances

Q4.Are resources free gifts of nature? And how?

A. Yes they are
B. They are not , Resources are a function of human activities
C. Yes Resources are nurtured by nature
D. No, Any thing from which a product can be manufactured

 

Q5. How are resources qualified?

A. On the basis of origin
B. On the basis of utility
C. On the basis of distribution
D. On the basis of potential

 

Q6. Where are Biotic Resources obtained from?

A. from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock
B. composed of non-living things
C. reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes
D. Minerals and fossil fuels

 

Q7.Where are Abiotic Resources obtained from?

A. Minerals and fossil fuels
B. reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes
C. composed of non-living things
D. from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock

 

Q8. What are renewable resources?

A. These are obtained from biosphere and have life
B. composed of non-living things
C. which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes
D. from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock

 

Q9. Give examples of renewable resources.

A. Minerals and fossil fuels
B. solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife
C. rocks and metals.
D. flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock

 

Q10. Give examples of non renewable resources.

A. flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock
B. solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife
C. Minerals and fossil fuels
D. rocks and metals.

 

Q11. Which of these are resources based on ownership?

A. Individual Resources:
B. Abiotic
C. Renewable Resources
D. Non renewable

 

Q12. Give examples of community owned resources?

A. public parks, playgrounds, grazing grounds, burial grounds
B. plots, houses
C. energy, water, forests
D. flora and fauna, fisheries

 

Q13. Give examples of National resources?

A. plots, houses
B. public parks, playgrounds, grazing grounds, burial grounds
C. oceanic resources
D. minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land

 

Q14. What are potential resources?

A. resources which can be renewed or reproduced
B. Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised
C. Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation
D. those things which are composed of non-living things

 

Q15. What are developed resources?

A. Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation
B. resources which can be renewed or reproduced
C. those things which are composed of non-living things
D. Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised

 

Q16. What is stock?

A. resources which can be renewed or reproduced
B. Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised
C. Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology to access these
D. solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife

 

Q17. Human beings used resources indiscriminately and this has led to the following major problems, What are these problems?

A. Not well planned use of these resources.
B. Wastage of resources
C. Not many problems.
D. Accumulation of resources in few hands

 

Q18. What is Sustainable Development?

A. Well planned use of resources and development
B. Accumulation of resources and then using them accordingly
C. development should take place without damaging the environment keeping in mind the future generations
D. Using materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs

 

Q19. Why do we need resource planning?

A. Because of enormous diversity in the availability of resources
B. Because we need to think of future generations
C. We need to consider materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs
D. The need to collect materials and resources and then using them accordingly

 

Q20. What does resource planning in India involve?

A. Defining the number of resources
B. surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources
C. Taking government permission
D. Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans

 

Q21 Why is.Conservation of Resources important?

A. So that they don’t get wasted
B. irrational consumption and over utilization of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems
C. For evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up
D. For matching the resource development plan with overall national development plans

 

Q22. Which type of land is not used for cultivation?

A. Already on crop production
B. Land put to non-agricultural uses, e.g. buildings, roads, factories, etc
C. All types of land
D. Black soil land

 

Q23. What are fallow Lands?

A. Current fallow-(left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year)
B. wastelands
C. Land put to non-agricultural uses
D

Q24. What is the total geographical area of India?

A. 3.25 million sq km
B. 3.20 million sq km
C. 3. 22 million sq km
D. 3. 28 million sq km

 

Q25. Waste land includes………………………

A. Land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year
B. Land put to non-agricultural uses
C. rocky, arid and desert areas
D. Land left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years

Q26. ………. percent of our basic needs for food, shelter and clothing are obtained from land.

A. 70
B. 80
C. 90
D. 95

 

Q27. Which human activities have led to land degradation?

A. deforestation, overgrazing
B. agriculture
C. Buildings and making roads
D. Factories and industry

 

Q28. How can we solve the problems of land degradation?

A. Afforestation
B. More agriculture crops
C. Try to grow plants in desert areas
D. Keep injury away from agriculture land

 

Q29. What are the factors responsible for soil formation?

A. Agriculture
B. Forests
C. Desert denudation
D. change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers

Q30. Which is the most widely spread soil in India?

A. Black soil
B. Alluvial soil
C. Red soil
D. Arid soil

 

Q31. Which important river systems have set the Alluvial soil?

A. Ganga Indus
B. Kaveri
C. Beas
D. Satluj

 

Q32. Alluvial soils are favorable for the growth of …………..

A. sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops
B. Nuts
C. Palm
D. Cotton

 

Q33.Black soil is favourable for the growth of……….

A. Paddy and wheat
B. Nuts
C. Cereals
D. cotton

 

Q34. Where is black soil mostly found?

A. Karnataka & Kerala
B. plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
C. Rajasthan and Gujrat
D. Assam

 

Q35. Where are red soils mostly found?

A. Deccan plateau, parts of Odisha,
B. Kerala and karnataka
C. Rajasthan and Gujarat
D. Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh

 

Q36. Where are the laterite soils found in India?

A. middle Ganga plain
B. Saurashtra, Malwa
C. Western Ghats region of Maharashtra, Odisha,
D. Madhya Pradesh

 

Q37. Where is the Arid soil found?

A. Rajasthan
B. Gujarat
C. Assam
D. Madhya Pradesh

 

Q38. The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known……….

A. Fallow land
B. Bad land
C. Wasted land
D. Deserted land

 

Q39. What is soil erosion?

A. denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down of soil
B. Soil eroded by rivers
C. Muddy stuff blown away by winds
D. Soil eroded by rains

 

Q40. The processes of ………… and ………, go on simultaneously and generally there is a balance between the two.

A. Denudation and erosion
B. Soil formation and erosion
C. Soil formation and denudation
D. Climatic conditions and soil erosion

 

Q41. Why is the balance between the two disturbed?

A. due to human activities like deforestation, over-grazing, construction and mining
B. Afforestation
C. Agriculture
D. Climate

 

Q42. The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels known as …………….

A. Tributaries
B. Ravines
C. Gullies
D. Drains

 

Q43. When the topsoil is washed away what is it called?

A. Sheet erosion
B. Layer erosion
C. Part erosion
D. Flat erosion

 

Q44. What is strip cropping?

A. Planting lines of trees
B. Planting between water beds
C. Cultivating making steps
D. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops

 

Q45. What are shelter belts?

A. Cultivating making steps
B. Planting lines of trees to create shelter
C. Planting huge bush plants in deserts
D. Planting near water beds

 

Q46. What is the contribution of the shelter belts?

A. To conserve water
B. To conserve soil
C. to the stabilisation of sand dunes
D. To maintain forests

 

Q47. Which one of the following types of resources is iron ore?

A. Renewable
B. Non renewable
C. Biotic
D. Abiotic

 

Q48. How can resources be classified?

A. On the basis of origin
B. On the basis of colour
C. On the basis of use
D. On the basis of area

 

Q49. What type of a resource are rocks?

A. Abiotic
B. Renewable
C. Potential
D. Biotic

 

Q50. Water in the dams, forests etc. is a ………….. resources which can be used in the future?

A. Potential
B. Reserve
C. Renewable
D. National

 

Answer key for Class 10 Geography Contemporary India Book Chapter 1 – Resources and Development

 

Q. No.	Answer	Q. No.	Answer	Q. No.	Answer
1	C	21	B	41	A
2	B	22	B	42	C
3	A	23	A	43	A
4	B	24	D	44	D
5	A	25	C	45	B
6	A	26	D	46	C
7	C	27	A	47	D
8	C	28	A	48	A
9	B	29	D	49	A
10	C	30	B	50	B
11	A	31	A
12	A	32	A
13	D	33	D
14	B	34	B
15	A	35	A
16	C	36	C
17	D	37	A
18	C	38	B
19	A	39	A
20	B	40	B

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Resources which are surveyed and their quantity and quality have been determined for utilisation is known as [CBSE (CCE) 2011]

(a) Potential resources

(b) Stock

(c) Developed resources

(d) Reserves

2. Which one of the following soil is ideal for growing cotton? [CBSE (CCE) 2011]

(a) Regur soil

(b) Laterite soil

(c) Desert soil

(d) Mountainous soil

3. In which of the following states is overgrazing responsible for land degradation? [CBSE (CCE) 2011]

(a) Jharkhand and Orissa

(b) Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan

(c) Punjab and Haryana

(d) Kerala and Tamil Nadu

4. Which one of the following statements is true about the term resources? [CBSE (CCE) 2011]

(a) Resources are free gifts of nature.

(b) They are the functions of human activities.

(c) All those things which are found in nature.

(d) Things which cannot be used to fulfill our needs.

5. Which one of the following types of the resource is iron ore?

(a) Renewable

(b) Biotic

(c) Flow

(d) Non-renewable

6. Under which of the following types of resource the tidal energy can be put?

(a) Replenishable

(b) Human-made

(c) Abiotic

(d) Non-recyclable

7. Soil formed by intense leaching is

(a) Alluvial soil

(b) Red soil

(c) Laterite soil

(d) Desert

8. Fallow land refers to

(a) land not under cultivation.

(b) land with many gullies.

(c) a fertile land.

(d) cultivable land not cultivated for a season to regain its fertility.

9. Method of growing long strips of grass between the crops refers to

(a) Contour ploughing

(b) Terrace farming

(c) Strip cropping

(d) Crop rotation

10. Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised.

(a) Renewable

(b) Developed

(c) National

(d) Potential

11. Which of the following factors involves the transformation of things into a resource ?

(i) Physical environment

(ii) Technology

(iii) Human beings

(iv) Institutions

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (ii) and (iii)

(c) (i) and (iv)

(d) All of above

12. Renewable resources are those

(a) which cannot be renewed

(b) which are accessible

(c) which are developed

(d) which are renewed by physical, chemical or mechanical processes.

13. Which one of the following is not a community resource ?

(a) Public parks

(b) A library

(c) A car

(d) A community hall

14. Territorial waters of India extends to

(a) 10 Nautical miles

(b) 15 Nautical miles

(c) 12 Nautical miles

(d) 1900 kilometres

15. Find out which one of the following is a stock?

(a) Biofuels

(b) Coal

(c) Solar energy

(d) Hydro-electricity

16. The first International Earth Summit was held in

(a) Geneva

(b) New York

(c) Japan

(d) Rio de Janeiro

17. “There is enough for everybody’s need but not for anybody’s greed”. Who said this ?

(a) Jawahar Lai Nehru

(b) Atal Bihari Vajpai

(c) M. K. Gandhi

(d) Sunder Lai Bhauguna

18. The area brought under cultivation in a year is called …………….

(a) Fallow land

(b) Cultivable

(c) Net sown area

(d) Gross sown area

19. I am the most widespread soil, covering the Northern Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains-who am I ?

(a) Black soil

(b) Forest soil

(c) Red soil

(d) Alluvial soil

20. Resources which are non-renewable but can be recycled are called

(a) Renewable resources

(b) Non-renewable resources

(c) Recyclable resources

(d) Biotic resources

21. The most widespread relief feature of India is

(a) Mountains

(b) Forests

(c) Plains

(d) Plateaus

22. The current net sown area of India in 2002-03 is

(a) 45 percent

(b) 43.4 percent

(c) 50 percent

(d) 48 percent

23. The state having maximum net sown area in India is ……………

(a) Jammu and Kashmir

(b) Uttar Pradesh

(c) Tamil Nadu

(d) Punjab

24. Land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year is called

(a) Culturable waste land

(b) Current fallow land

(c) Waste land

(d) None of the above

25. The present per cent of area under forests is (2002 – 03)

(a) 18 percent

(b) 22.57 percent

(c) 19 percent

(d) 11 percent

26. The factor responsible for maximum land degradation is ………………

(a) Human activities

(b) Wind

(c) Salinity

(d) Soil erosion

27. Which agent is responsible for maximum land degradation ?

(a) Wind

(b) Water

(c) Glaciers

(d) Overgrazing

28. Soil is formed by the process of

(a) Denudation

(b) Gradation

(c) Weathering

(d) Erosion

29. Supply a technical term for the dead and decomposed material found on the top soil.

(a) Bed rock

(b) Fossils

(c) Humidity

(d) Humus

30. The old alluvial soil is known as ………………

(a) Bangar

(b) Bhabbar

(c) Khadar

(d) Regur

31. Which of the following statement(s) is true for black soil ?

(i) It has larger proportion of clay.

(ii) It can retain moisture for a long time.

(iii) It develops cracks during summer which helps in aeration.

(iv) Cotton grows best in this soil.

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (iii) and (iv)

(c) (i) and (iv)

(d) All of the above

32. Red colour of soil is due to

(a) it is rich in humus.

(b) it is rich in iron compounds.

(c) it is derived from volcanic origin.

(d) it is rich in potash.

33. The denudation of the soil cover and washing down of soil by various agents are known as ………………

(a) Weathering

(b) Gradation

(c) Soil erosion

(d) Soil conservation

34. The land consisting of many gullies and ravines are called ……………….

(a) Gully erosion

(b) Bed rock

(c) V shaped valleys

(d) Bad land

35. Terrace cultivation can be used to control soil erosion in

(a) Desert regions

(b) Hill slopes

(c) Valleys

(d) Plains

36.Strip cropping refers to

(a) growing of crops in long strips.

(b) growing of trees in long rows.

(c) growing of strips of grass in between the crops.

(d) ploughing along the contour lines.

37. Erosion of the top soil when water flows as a sheet over large areas down the slope is called

(a) Gully erosion

(b) Badlands

(c) Soil erosion

(d) Sheet erosion

38. Which one of the following statements is correct as regards to international resources ?

(a) Resources which are regulated by international institutions.

(b) Resources which lie beyond the territorial waters.

(c) Resources which are found along the international frontier.

(d) Resources which are not yet developed.

39. Which one of the following methods is ideal for controlling land degradation in coastal areas and in deserts ?

(a) Strip cropping

(b) Contour ploughing

(c) Planting of shelter belts

(d) Plugging of gullies

40. Which type of soil is suitable for the growth of cashew nut ?

(a) Alluvial soil

(b) Black soil

(c) Red soil

(d) Red laterite soil

41. Arid soils are less fertile as

(i) it lacks humus and moisture

(ii) it has high salt content

(iii) it is sandy in nature

(iv) it is rich in Iron

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (ii) and (iii)

(c) (iii) and (iv)

(d) (i) and (iii)

42. Ploughing along the contour lines can

(a) accelerate the flow of water.

(b) decelerate the flow of water.

(c) accelerate the force of winds.

(d) decelerate the force of winds.

43. Bad lands or ravines are found in

(a) Chenab basin

(b) Chambal basin

(c) Ganga basin

(d) Godavari basin

ANSWERS

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources

1. Multiple choice questions.

(i) Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?

(a) Agricultural expansion.

(b) Large scale developmental projects.

(c) Grazing and fuelwood collection.

(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation.

Answer. (c) Grazing and fuelwood collection

(ii) Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?

(a) Joint forest management

(b) Beej Bachao Andolan

(c) Chipko Movement

(d) Demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries

Answer. (d) Demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries

2. Match the following animals with their category of existence.

Animals/Plants

Category of existence

Black Buck

Extinct

Asiatic Elephant

Rare

Andaman wild pig

Endangered

Himalayan Brown Bear

Vulnerable

Pink Head Duck

Endemic

Answer.

Animals/Plants Category of existence

Black Buck Endangered

Asiatic Elephant Vulnerable

Andaman wild pig Endemic

Himalayan Brown Bear Rare

Pink Head Duck Extinct

3. Match the following.

Reserved Forests

Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities

Protected Forests

Forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources

Unclassed Forests

Forest lands are protected from any further depletion

Answer.

Reserved Forests

Forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources

Protected Forests

Forest lands are protected from any further depletion

Unclassed Forests

Other forests and wastelands belonging to both Government and private individuals and communities.

Q.2: Answer the following questions in about 30 words. 

(i) What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives? 

(ii) How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? 

Explain.

Ans : (i) Biodiversity is the variation of wildlife and cultivated species in a given ecosystem. In this interconnected web, each organism is a producer, consumer or decomposer. Other organisms, including humans, depend for their existence on such roles.

(ii) Human activities such as poaching, deforestation, the expansion of railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry, and mining are to blame for the depletion of flora and fauna. 

Q.3: Answer the following questions in about 120 words. 

(i) Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India? 

(ii) Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.

Ans : (i) Indian forests are home to different communities. These communities have a complex relationship with their environment. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chhota Nagpur region worship Mahua and Kadamba trees; the tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship the tamarind and mango trees. Similarly, the Bishnois of Rajasthan hold the antelopes in high reverence. For these communities, particular flora and fauna are integral to their identity, so they take a number of steps to protect the same. Villagers around the Sariska Reserve have opposed mining activities in the region as these activities endanger wildlife. Villagers in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have banned hunting and lumbering activities in a 1200 hectare area they have marked as Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’. Such activities have helped preserve patches of virgin forest land.

(ii) Good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife are plenty. Nowadays, many non-governmental organisations are working towards creating public awareness for conserving depleting forest cover and vanishing wildlife. Central and state governments in India have set up national parks and wildlife sanctuaries to protect forests and endangered species in wildlife. A recently developing practice towards conservation is the search for different conservation measures. Biodiversity is the new by-word of good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife. Various communities, especially in tribal areas, who are dependent on forests for their living are now taking an active role in this form of conservation. 

Chapter 3 

“Water Resources” 

Multiple Choice

 Questions

 (MCQs) with Answers

Q1. Why is water scarcity mainly caused?

A. Water pollution

B. excessive use and unequal access to water

C. Water management

D. Using to utility

 

Q2. According to the hydrological cycle, how can freshwater be obtained?

A. snow

B. rainwater

C. Groundwater

D. Drainage

 

Q3. Even when water is available in many cities in abundance why is there water scarcity?

A. Using to utility

B. Unequal distribution of water

C. Default in technical areas

D. Lack of infrastructure for proper distribution

 

Q4. What is the largest consumer of water?

A. City dwellers

B. Irrigated agriculture

C. Villages

D. Industry

 

Q5. How can we revolutionise agriculture?

A. By building dams

B. By releasing more water

C. By making rainwater reserves

D. through developing drought resistant crops and dry farming techniques.

 

Q6. Most farmers own wells and tube-wells in their farms for irrigation to increase their produce, what adverse effect can this have?

A. falling groundwater levels, adversely affecting water availability

B. Imbalance in minerals for the soil

C. Unequal distribution of water

D. Could be technical defaults

 

Q7. Post-independent India witnessed intensive………………….

A. Agriculture

B. Economy problems

C. industrialisation and urbanisation,

D. Deforestation

 

Q8.How did the increasing number of industries affect the water condition?

A. No effect on water

B. pressure on existing freshwater resources

C. Balance between use of water and industry

D. Unequal distribution of water

Q9. In India hydroelectric power contributes approximately 22 percent of the total electricity produced.

A. 22

B. 25

C. 20

D. 26

 

Q10. What factors have aggravated the water and energy problems in India?

A. multiplying urban centres

B. dams

C. Afforestation

D. Agriculture

 

Q11. How are most of the housing societies or colonies in the cities resourcing their water needs?

A. City waterworks

B. own groundwater pumping devices

C. Community water pumps

D. Individual motors

 

Q12. Even if there is ample amount of water in certain places there is hazardous water pollution, what are the causes?

A. domestic and industrial wastes

B. Wastage of water

C. Over storage

D. Community water pumps

 

Q13. What are the causes of the Indian rivers becoming toxic?

A. fossils

B. agricultural

C. Conservation of water

D. Industrialisation

 

14. What are the important things to do to prevent degradation of our natural ecosystems?

A. Urbanization

B. Industrialization

C. conserve and manage our water resources, to safeguard ourselves from health hazards

D. Modern agriculture

 

Q15. What will impoverish this resource and cause an ecological crisis that may have a profound impact on our lives?

A. Industrialization

B. Modern agriculture

C. Urbanization

D. Over exploitation and mismanagement of water resources

 

Q16. What is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment?

A. Canal

B. Embankment

C. Dam

D. Lake

 

Q17. What is the purpose of building dams?

A. For embankments

B. Flood control

C. storage

D. Water animals conservation

 

Q18. Name a multi-purpose projects which are used for hydel power production and irrigation

A. Jalaput project

B. Bhakra – Nangal project

C. Hirakud project

D. Tehri Dam

 

Q19. Which dam integrates conservation of water with flood control?

A. Sutluj-Beas river basin

B. Bhakra – Nangal project

C. Hirakud project

D. Tehri Dam

 

Q20. Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ………………

A. Saviours of India

B. temples of modern India

C. Future of India

D. Complexes of India

 

Q21. Why did Jawahar lal Nehru call dams the temples of India?

A. They were multipurpose in nature

B. Irrigation became better

C. development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialisation and growth of the urban economy

D. Hydel power became ample

 

Q22. Why have multi-purpose projects and large dams come under great scrutiny and opposition recently?

A. The positioning the dams is not technically correct

B. Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir

C. Spread of disease

D. Dams built recently are not strong enough

 

Q23. Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new environmental movements like ……….

A. ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan

B. Save satluj

C. Save environment project

D. Green up to Cool Down

Q24. How did the Multi-purpose projects affect the local people?

A. large-scale displacement of local communities

B. They gained economically

C. The govt gave them benefits

D. They got housing facilities

 

Q25. Who benefitted from the multipurpose projects?

A. landowners and large farmers, industrialists

B. Local people

C. Government

D. The builders

 

Q26. Narmada Bachao Andolan or Save Narmada Movement originally focussed on ……...

A. Irrigation strategies

B. environmental issues related to trees

C. aim to enable poor citizens, especially the oustees

D. Reservoir planning

 

Q27. Which is the largest water resource project of India covering four states ?

A. Satluj Beas Project

B. Bhakra Nangal dam

C. Tehri Dam

D. Sardar Sarovar Dam

 

Q28.Which states does it cover?

A. Punjab, haryana, rajasthan Gujarat

B. Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Ttarkhand, Up

C. Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan

D. Assam, Westbengal, sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh

Q29. Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has great ecological consequences for the soil, What is it?

A. salinisation of the soil

B. contamination of soil

C. Pollution of soil

D. Excess of chemicals

 

Q30. What reaction did the farmers at Sabarmati-basin farmers have?

A. development of agriculture and the village economy

B. farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot over the higher priority given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts

C. They were displaced

D. They did not get rehabilitation

 

Q31. The release of water from dams during heavy rains aggravated the flood situation in Maharashtra and Gujarat in the year ………

A. 2005

B. 2004

C. 2000

D. 2006

 

Q32. What was the effect of these floods?

A. floods have devastated life and property

B. deforestation

C. Technical faults

D. Has been difficult to restore

 

Q33. In ancient India, along with the sophisticated hydraulic structures, there existed an extraordinary tradition of a water-harvesting system, What efforts were made?

A. in-depth knowledge irrigation

B. soil types and developed wide ranging techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, river water and flood water

C. They had modern knowledge

D. They knew ho to control floods

 

Q34. In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like ……

A. Gullies

B. Ravines

C. Tributaries

D. Guls or kuls

 

Q35. What was the traditional practice to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan?

A. ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting

B. Wells

C. Small scale canals

D. Man made lake

 

Q36. What was the traditional practice in the flood plains of Bengal, for irrigation?

A. Canals

B. Man made lake

C. inundation channels

D. Roof top rainwater

 

Q37 What was the practice in ‘khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan?

A. inundation channels

B. agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil

C. Rooftop rainwater harvesting

D. Canals

 

Q38. In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, where was drinking water stored?

A. Wells

B. underground tanks or tankas

C. Small village pond

D. Rooftop tanks

 

Q39. In which other places is Rooftop rainwater harvesting common other than Rajasthan?

A. Shillong

B. Gujarat

C. Westbengal

D. Sikkim

 

Q40. In Spite of the fact that today plenty of water is available due to the perennial Indira Gandhi Canal in Rajasthan, why do many homes still prefer the tanka system ?

A. Not enough to reach all homes

B. Water is not clean

C. Many do not like the taste of tap water.

D. They feel more secure with the traditional system

 

Q41. Which state is the first state in India which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state?

A. West Bengal

B. Meghalaya

C. Rajasthan

D. Tamil Nadu

 

Q42. In which state is the 200-year-old system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipes still prevalent?

A. West Bengal

B. Rajasthan

C. Meghalaya

D. Shillong

 

Q43. Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multipurpose river projects?

A. Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity

B. Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow helps to control floods

C. Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood

D. Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes

 

Q44. Shillong faces acute shortage of water. Nearly every household in the city has a rooftop rainwater harvesting structure. Nearly ……….per cent of the total water requirement of the household comes from rooftop water harvesting.

A. 15-20

B. 10-15

C. 20-25

D. 25-30

 

Q45. In which place in Karnataka the people have installed, in their household’s rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. Nearly 200 households have installed this system?

A. Amachawadi in Mysuru

B. Gendathur, Mysuru

C. Chatnahalli, Mysuru

D. Gohalli, Mysuru

 

Q46. In Gendathur, Mysuru every house can collect and use about 50,000 litres of water annually?

A. 50,000

B. 40,000

C. 60,000

D. 20,000

 

Q47. From the 200 houses, the net amount of rainwater harvested annually amounts to litres.

A. 150,000

B. 1,00,000

C. 2,00,000

D. 125000

 

Q48. In Rajasthan what is rain water referred to as ?

A. Barsaat pani

B. Baarish pani

C. Palar pani

D. Badal pani

 

Q49. Based on the information given below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’.

A. Region with high annual rainfall.

B. Region having high annual rainfall and large population.

C. Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.

D. Region having low rainfall and low population.

 

Q50. How is rooftop rainwater filtered

A. using sand and bricks

B. Using electric filter

C. Using a net system

D. Using modern filters

Answer key